mardi 20 février 2007
dimanche 18 février 2007
INTRODUCTION OF THE RWANDAN HISTORY
RWANDA is a small land locked country located in centre part of AFRICA sharing borders with UGANDA in the north, BURUNDI in the south, TANZANIA in the east and DRC in the west.
LOCATION
The region in which RWANDA reside is commonly known as the great lakes region, Rwanda has a population of around 8.6 million implying that it’s the most populated country in Africa , its located between altitude of 1° south and 3° south of the equator and between 29°east and 31°east of the Greenwich meridian
RWANDA FEATURES
Rwanda is commonly referred as country of thousand hills because of it’s beautiful scenery (natural beautiful of the landscape) its well known for having mountain gorillas which are not common almost on the continent of Africa, not forgetting that recently it was found that it is the source of the longest river in Africa (River .NILE)
BACK HISTORY OF RWANDA
Rwanda dates to the days before coming of the colonial masters it was ruled by kings known as ABAMI, the official language of Rwanda is known as KINYARWANDA, and it’s the only language spoken by the three tribal groups. Namely;
1. TUSTI
2. HUTU
3. TWA. Who are the minority
Before the occupation of Rwanda by its first occupants the land was covered with trees and grass. The Twa are said to have been mostly found in the central of African forests. The HUTU are the second to settle in Rwanda, they are believed to have come from Cameroun around Lake Chad. In Rwanda they settled in the western side of Rwanda. Finally came the TUSTI who are said to have originated form north east part of Africa in the Ethiopian highlands and Sudan they settled in the west of Lake Muhazi.
The Hutu group of people is the largest group in Rwanda and they were mainly farmers .The tusti are the cattle keepers and they came in Rwanda looking for pasture and water for their animals. The TWA are the smallest group and they were mainly iron smelters.
The Tusti group of people dominated in terms of leadership and was the ruling group; all the kings were selected from this group before the coming of colonial masters. The kings of Rwanda were selected from the clan known as the banyiginya.There was an organized forum of succession and a king would be succeeded by his son only.
FOUNDATION OF RWANDA
Rwanda was founded by the king known as Gihanga who started his dynasty from a place called Gasabo near lake muhazi in the western part of Rwanda.Gihanga organized his small state politically well that he expended it and called it Rwanda meaning a big place since he had annexed many different areas. Before he died Gihanga had organized his state and all the in habitants respected only one leader whom they called Umwami which came from the verb Kwama meaning being popular
After the death of Gihanga, he was replaced by king Kigeli 1 Muhabanya who expanded the small state Gasabo a vast kingdom. It started to disintegrate due to succession disputes, the kings that followed the succession were: Ruganzu Burimbi who ruled from 1312 to 1345 ac ,Cyirima 1 Rugwe ruling from 1345 to 1378,kigeli 2 Mukobanyi Yuhi ,Mibambwe 1 Sekarango ,Ndahiro Cyahintare ,ruganzu and many more later followed by the coming of Germany colonialist
RELIGION
The Banyarwanda believed in one God known by different names for example; Rurema, Gihanga, Rugina, were the names given to God.
There different religions in Rwanda such as Protestants, catholics, Islam among others.
Rwanda stable foods are potatoes and bananas are also eaten by same people .Agriculture is mainly carried out by the Hutu group of people .Rwanda chief export is coffee.
RWANDA is a small land locked country located in centre part of AFRICA sharing borders with UGANDA in the north, BURUNDI in the south, TANZANIA in the east and DRC in the west.
LOCATION
The region in which RWANDA reside is commonly known as the great lakes region, Rwanda has a population of around 8.6 million implying that it’s the most populated country in Africa , its located between altitude of 1° south and 3° south of the equator and between 29°east and 31°east of the Greenwich meridian
RWANDA FEATURES
Rwanda is commonly referred as country of thousand hills because of it’s beautiful scenery (natural beautiful of the landscape) its well known for having mountain gorillas which are not common almost on the continent of Africa, not forgetting that recently it was found that it is the source of the longest river in Africa (River .NILE)
BACK HISTORY OF RWANDA
Rwanda dates to the days before coming of the colonial masters it was ruled by kings known as ABAMI, the official language of Rwanda is known as KINYARWANDA, and it’s the only language spoken by the three tribal groups. Namely;
1. TUSTI
2. HUTU
3. TWA. Who are the minority
Before the occupation of Rwanda by its first occupants the land was covered with trees and grass. The Twa are said to have been mostly found in the central of African forests. The HUTU are the second to settle in Rwanda, they are believed to have come from Cameroun around Lake Chad. In Rwanda they settled in the western side of Rwanda. Finally came the TUSTI who are said to have originated form north east part of Africa in the Ethiopian highlands and Sudan they settled in the west of Lake Muhazi.
The Hutu group of people is the largest group in Rwanda and they were mainly farmers .The tusti are the cattle keepers and they came in Rwanda looking for pasture and water for their animals. The TWA are the smallest group and they were mainly iron smelters.
The Tusti group of people dominated in terms of leadership and was the ruling group; all the kings were selected from this group before the coming of colonial masters. The kings of Rwanda were selected from the clan known as the banyiginya.There was an organized forum of succession and a king would be succeeded by his son only.
FOUNDATION OF RWANDA
Rwanda was founded by the king known as Gihanga who started his dynasty from a place called Gasabo near lake muhazi in the western part of Rwanda.Gihanga organized his small state politically well that he expended it and called it Rwanda meaning a big place since he had annexed many different areas. Before he died Gihanga had organized his state and all the in habitants respected only one leader whom they called Umwami which came from the verb Kwama meaning being popular
After the death of Gihanga, he was replaced by king Kigeli 1 Muhabanya who expanded the small state Gasabo a vast kingdom. It started to disintegrate due to succession disputes, the kings that followed the succession were: Ruganzu Burimbi who ruled from 1312 to 1345 ac ,Cyirima 1 Rugwe ruling from 1345 to 1378,kigeli 2 Mukobanyi Yuhi ,Mibambwe 1 Sekarango ,Ndahiro Cyahintare ,ruganzu and many more later followed by the coming of Germany colonialist
RELIGION
The Banyarwanda believed in one God known by different names for example; Rurema, Gihanga, Rugina, were the names given to God.
There different religions in Rwanda such as Protestants, catholics, Islam among others.
Rwanda stable foods are potatoes and bananas are also eaten by same people .Agriculture is mainly carried out by the Hutu group of people .Rwanda chief export is coffee.
EUROPEANS IN RWANDA.
King Rudahigwa. One of the Rwandan heroes. Killed 1959 by the belgians, after resisting them.EUROPEANS IN RWANDA
The first European to step on the land of a thousand hills was a German in 1832 .They went on to colonies Rwanda until the end of the First World War when all colonies were taken from German as a punishment .Rwanda was given to Belgium as her next colonial master at least there was a change of fortune as the Belgians were far better than the Germans who were very cruel in their administration.
The second colonial masters of Rwanda found Rwandese under the guardianship of king kigeli Rwabugiri 2 .The Belgians how ever sowed seeds of divisionism among Rwandans who were united under the one king . It was not long before the three groups started differentiating themselves basing on height, the size of the nose ,and occupation .The Tusti group were tall and thin while the Hutu were short and had a big nose compared to the Tutsi’s which is small.
Indirect rule was used as a means of administration by the Belgians as was around Africa by other colonial masters. kings and chiefs were used by the Belgians to do what they wanted like if they needed slaves they would use chiefs to look for them in return were given gifts like clothes and jewelers .But one memorable man is remembered in the history of Rwanda for resisting the colonial rule and that was king RUDAHIGWA who was killed by the Belgians opposing him.
Belgians took Rwanda through the 1962 independence though as a by the way since they still controlled the political affair of the country.
KAYIBANDA GREGORIE was elected the first president of Rwanda and he was a HUTU since they were being sided by the Belgians and this caused the TUTSI group to resist the colonial rule under king RUDAHINGWA.
Secondly Belgians supported the Hutu’s because they were the majority and thus used them to oppress the other groups.
The second colonial masters of Rwanda found Rwandese under the guardianship of king kigeli Rwabugiri 2 .The Belgians how ever sowed seeds of divisionism among Rwandans who were united under the one king . It was not long before the three groups started differentiating themselves basing on height, the size of the nose ,and occupation .The Tusti group were tall and thin while the Hutu were short and had a big nose compared to the Tutsi’s which is small.
Indirect rule was used as a means of administration by the Belgians as was around Africa by other colonial masters. kings and chiefs were used by the Belgians to do what they wanted like if they needed slaves they would use chiefs to look for them in return were given gifts like clothes and jewelers .But one memorable man is remembered in the history of Rwanda for resisting the colonial rule and that was king RUDAHIGWA who was killed by the Belgians opposing him.
Belgians took Rwanda through the 1962 independence though as a by the way since they still controlled the political affair of the country.
KAYIBANDA GREGORIE was elected the first president of Rwanda and he was a HUTU since they were being sided by the Belgians and this caused the TUTSI group to resist the colonial rule under king RUDAHINGWA.
Secondly Belgians supported the Hutu’s because they were the majority and thus used them to oppress the other groups.
CHAOS BEGINS IN RWANDAN SOCIETY
In 1959, the first group of TUSTI fled to neighboring countries, because their houses had been burnt by the HUTU under the watch full eye of their colonial masters. This was the first sign that there was no future peace in the country. 20.000 TUTSI were killed.
KAYIBANDA GREGORIE ruled Rwanda until 1973 were his own general called HABYARIMANA JUVENAL made a coup de état and seized power.
The after math of the coup de état was on expulsion of the second group of TUSTI’S. Around 90,000 tustis’s in 1973 went to UGANDA, BURUNDI and TANZANIA neighboring Rwanda.
Participation of MRND
HABYARIMANA’S political party MRND organized the killing and destruction of Tutsi’s properties.
All this was done under the influence of the Belgians and France especially.
In 1959, the first group of TUSTI fled to neighboring countries, because their houses had been burnt by the HUTU under the watch full eye of their colonial masters. This was the first sign that there was no future peace in the country. 20.000 TUTSI were killed.
KAYIBANDA GREGORIE ruled Rwanda until 1973 were his own general called HABYARIMANA JUVENAL made a coup de état and seized power.
The after math of the coup de état was on expulsion of the second group of TUSTI’S. Around 90,000 tustis’s in 1973 went to UGANDA, BURUNDI and TANZANIA neighboring Rwanda.
Participation of MRND
HABYARIMANA’S political party MRND organized the killing and destruction of Tutsi’s properties.
All this was done under the influence of the Belgians and France especially.
Rwandan Patriotic Front.
Rwanda Patriotic Front. (RPF)
In 1990, Tutsi refugees in Uganda - supported by some moderate Hutus - were forming the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). Their aim was to overthrow Habyarimana and secure their right to return to their homeland.
Kagame paul, Leader of RPF.
They started the liberation war, in 1990, October 1st.
Gen.Fred Rwigema was leading the RPF, and was killed on the first day of attack, 1st October 1990.
This was when, Paul Kagame, came to take over the RPF, and continued the battle, to liberate their country, and save the innocent people that were being killed by the HUTU Regime.
In August 1993, after several attacks and months of negotiation, a peace accord was signed between Habyarimana and the RPF, but it did little to stop the continued unrest.
When Habyarimana's plane was shot down at the beginning of April 1994, it was the final nail in the coffin.
Exactly who killed the president - and with him the president of Burundi and many chief members of staff - has not been established.
Whoever was behind the killing its effect was both instantaneous and catastrophic.
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